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Abstrakt
Pandemia COVID-19 stanowiła bezprecedensowe wyzwanie dla globalnych systemów zdrowotnych, ujawniając istotne różnice w zarządzaniu zdrowiem publicznym w różnych krajach. Niniejsze badanie analizuje zróżnicowane wyniki zdrowotne zaobserwowane w Polsce oraz Szwecji, koncentrując się na implikacjach wynikających z różniących się modeli zarządzania systemem opieki zdrowotnej - centralizacji w Polsce w porównaniu do decentralizacji w Szwecji. Głównym celem jest zbadanie, w jaki sposób te struktury zarządzania oraz ich odpowiednie strategie zbierania danych wpłynęły na wyniki COVID-19, w tym wskaźniki zakażeń, umieralność oraz dostępność szczepień. Przeprowadzono porównawczą analizę krajowych i regionalnych danych epidemiologicznych z lat 2020–2023, stosując techniki walidacji statystycznej w celu zapewnienia solidności wyników. Wyniki wskazują, że centralizowane podejście Polski, charakteryzujące się ścisłym egzekwowaniem polityk zdrowotnych, doprowadziło do wyższych wskaźników zachorowalności i umieralności, z ponad 6,55 miliona zgłoszonych przypadków oraz nadwyżką umieralności na poziomie +18%. W przeciwieństwie do tego, zdecentralizowany model Szwecji, który integrował czynniki społeczno-ekonomiczne w odpowiedziach zdrowotnych, odnotował 2,73 miliona przypadków oraz nadwyżkę umieralności na poziomie +6%. Badanie podkreśla wpływ determinant społeczno-ekonomicznych na wyniki zdrowotne, ujawniając, że populacje imigrantów w Szwecji miały wskaźnik umieralności trzy razy wyższy niż rodowici Szwedzi. Analiza podkreśla potrzebę spójnych polityk zdrowotnych w ramach Unii Europejskiej, postulując reformy regulacyjne, które zwiększą zdolności Europejskiego Centrum Zapobiegania i Kontroli Chorób (ECDC) oraz promują równe standardy zdrowotne wśród państw członkowskich. W rezultacie, badanie to przyczynia się do głębszego zrozumienia konsekwencji wynikających z zróżnicowanych modeli zarządzania systemem opieki zdrowotnej oraz wskazuje wnioski dotyczące opracowywania skuteczniejszych polityk zdrowia publicznego w UE, podkreślając znaczenie odporności oraz równości w przyszłych kryzysach zdrowotnych.
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Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Alicja Radomska

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Bibliografia
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- Claeson, M., & Hanson, S. (2021). COVID-19 and the Swedish enigma. The Lancet, 397(10271), 259–261. https://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140-6736(20)32750-1/fulltext
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Bibliografia
Barthoma, S., & Çetrez, Ö. A. (Eds.). (2021). Responding to Migration: A Holistic Perspective on Migration Governance. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-449097
Bashir, M.F., Ma, B.J., & Shahzad, L. (2020) A Brief Review of Socio-Economic and Environmental Impact of COVID-19. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 13, 1403–1409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00894-8
Bildbyrå. J. (2022). Folkhälsans utveckling: Årsrapport 2022. Folkhälsomyndigheten. www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/publicerat-material
Borén, H. K., Thaulow, C. M., Quist-Paulsen, E., Wæhre, T., Akselsen, P. E., & Tonby, K. (2020). Antibiotic use in hospitals in cases of COVID-19. Tidsskriftet Den Norske Legeforening, 140(11), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.20.0443
Boucaud-Maitre, D., Letenneur, L., Dramé, M., Taubé-Teguo, N., Dartigues, J.-F., Amieva, H., & Tabué-Teguo, M. (2023). Comparison of mortality and hospitalisations of older adults living in residential care facilities versus nursing homes or the community: A systematic review. PLoS One, 18(5), e0286527. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286527
Brooks, E. (2022). European Union health policy after the pandemic: An opportunity to tackle health inequalities? Journal of Contemporary European Research, 18(1), 67–77. https://doi.org/10.30950/jcer.v18i1.1267
Carr, D., & Springer, K. W. (2010). Advances in families and health research in the 21st century. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(3), 743–761. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00728.x
Cichecka, A., Karolak, M., & Ufel, W. (2024). A ‘Romantic Public Tragedy’? COVID Pandemic and the Changes of Governance in Poland. Critical Sociology, 51(1), 133-153. https://doi.org/10.1177/08969205241258408
Claeson, M., & Hanson, S. (2021). COVID-19 and the Swedish enigma. The Lancet, 397(10271), 259–261. https://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140-6736(20)32750-1/fulltext
Collin, J., Byström, E., Carnahan, A. S., & Ahrne, M. (2020). Public Health Agency of Sweden’s Brief Report: Pregnant and postpartum women with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in intensive care in Sweden. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 99(7), 819–822. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13901
Coronavirus Resource Center. (2023, October 3). Mortality in the most affected countries. Poland. Johns Hopkins University & Medicine. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/region/poland
Cox, L.A., & Popken, D.A. (2020). Should air pollution health effects assumptions be tested? Fine particulate matter and COVID-19 mortality as an example. Global Epidemiology, 2, 100033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloepi.2020.100033
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