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Abstrakt

Pandemia COVID-19 stanowiła bezprecedensowe wyzwanie dla globalnych systemów zdrowotnych, ujawniając istotne różnice w zarządzaniu zdrowiem publicznym w różnych krajach. Niniejsze badanie analizuje zróżnicowane wyniki zdrowotne zaobserwowane w Polsce oraz Szwecji, koncentrując się na implikacjach wynikających z różniących się modeli zarządzania systemem opieki zdrowotnej - centralizacji w Polsce w porównaniu do decentralizacji w Szwecji. Głównym celem jest zbadanie, w jaki sposób te struktury zarządzania oraz ich odpowiednie strategie zbierania danych wpłynęły na wyniki COVID-19, w tym wskaźniki zakażeń, umieralność oraz dostępność szczepień. Przeprowadzono porównawczą analizę krajowych i regionalnych danych epidemiologicznych z lat 2020–2023, stosując techniki walidacji statystycznej w celu zapewnienia solidności wyników. Wyniki wskazują, że centralizowane podejście Polski, charakteryzujące się ścisłym egzekwowaniem polityk zdrowotnych, doprowadziło do wyższych wskaźników zachorowalności i umieralności, z ponad 6,55 miliona zgłoszonych przypadków oraz nadwyżką umieralności na poziomie +18%. W przeciwieństwie do tego, zdecentralizowany model Szwecji, który integrował czynniki społeczno-ekonomiczne w odpowiedziach zdrowotnych, odnotował 2,73 miliona przypadków oraz nadwyżkę umieralności na poziomie +6%. Badanie podkreśla wpływ determinant społeczno-ekonomicznych na wyniki zdrowotne, ujawniając, że populacje imigrantów w Szwecji miały wskaźnik umieralności trzy razy wyższy niż rodowici Szwedzi. Analiza podkreśla potrzebę spójnych polityk zdrowotnych w ramach Unii Europejskiej, postulując reformy regulacyjne, które zwiększą zdolności Europejskiego Centrum Zapobiegania i Kontroli Chorób (ECDC) oraz promują równe standardy zdrowotne wśród państw członkowskich. W rezultacie, badanie to przyczynia się do głębszego zrozumienia konsekwencji wynikających z zróżnicowanych modeli zarządzania systemem opieki zdrowotnej oraz wskazuje wnioski dotyczące opracowywania skuteczniejszych polityk zdrowia publicznego w UE, podkreślając znaczenie odporności oraz równości w przyszłych kryzysach zdrowotnych.

Słowa kluczowe

pandemic priorities policy centralisation decentralisation pandemia priorytety polityka centralizacja decentralizacja

Szczegóły artykułu

Jak cytować
Radomska, A. (2025). Odmienne rezultaty centralizacji i decentralizacji: analiza porównawcza polskich oraz szwedzkich modeli zarządzania COVID-19 i ich implikacje dla bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego Unii Europejskiej. Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowego, 19(1), 123–144. https://doi.org/10.34862/rbm.2025.1.6

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